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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and also referred by several other names is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may be controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle. ICAO classify unmanned aircraft into two types under Circular 328 AN/190: * Autonomous aircraftcurrently considered unsuitable for regulation due to legal and liability issues * Remotely piloted aircraftsubject to civil regulation under ICAO and under the relevant national aviation authority The typical launch and recovery method function of an automatic system or an external operator on the ground.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Air Force officials announce remotely piloted aircraft pilot training pipeline )〕 Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but autonomous control is increasingly being employed.. In the past, unmanned aerial vehicles have mostly found military and special operation applications, but also are increasingly finding uses in civil applications, such as policing, surveillance and firefighting, and nonmilitary security work, such as inspection of power or pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for manned aircraft. ==Definition and terminology== There are several names in use for unmanned aerial vehicles, which generally refer to the same concept. The term ''unmanned aircraft system'' (UAS) was adopted by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the United States Federal Aviation Administration in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030.〔() 〕 The International Civil Aviation Organization and the British Civil Aviation Authority have also adopted the term. Unmanned aircraft system emphasizes the importance of other elements beyond an aircraft itself. It includes elements such as the ground control stations, data links and other related support equipment. A similar term is an ''unmanned-aircraft vehicle system'' (UAVS) ''remotely piloted aerial vehicle'' (RPAV), ''remotely piloted aircraft'' (RPA) and similar terms are also in use. Some incorrectly refer to unmanned aerial vehicles lacking autopilots as drones. Although this term is more widely used and recoginsed by the public, it has seen strong opposition from aviation professionals and government regulators familiar with correct use of language.〔http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-01/drone-wars-the-definition-dogfight/4546598〕 To distinguish UAVs from missiles, a UAV is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=unmanned aerial vehicle )〕 Therefore, cruise missiles are not considered UAVs because, like many other guided missiles, the vehicle itself is a weapon that is not reused, though it is also unmanned and in some cases remotely guided. The definition of UAVs with respect to smaller remote controlled model aircraft is unclear. According to various definitions UAVs may or may not include model aircraft. Some jurisdictions base this definition on size or weight, however, the US Federal Aviation Administration defines any unmanned flying craft as a UAV regardless of size. A radio-controlled aircraft becomes a drone with the addition of an autopilot AI, and ceases to be a drone when the AI is removed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=RC Flight Line )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Drones Etc )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unmanned aerial vehicle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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